Understanding Autism
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) affects millions of individuals and families worldwide. Yet, despite growing awareness, many people still find autism difficult to understand. Parents often hear phrases like, “But he looks normal,” or “She doesn’t seem autistic,” reflecting a deep misunderstanding of what autism really is.
So, why is it hard for people to understand autism?
The answer lies in its complexity, invisibility, and the persistence of stereotypes. In this blog, we’ll explore the reasons behind the confusion and share ways you can help build more empathy and understanding for autistic individuals.
What Is Autism?
Autism Spectrum Disorder is a neurological and developmental condition that affects how a person thinks, communicates, and interacts with others. The word “spectrum” reflects the wide range of strengths, challenges, and behaviors that people with autism may experience.
Common characteristics include:
- Difficulty with social communication and interaction
- Repetitive behaviors or restricted interests
- Sensory sensitivities (e.g., sensitivity to sounds, lights, textures)
- Differences in learning styles and emotional regulation
But not every person with autism will show all of these traits—or show them in the same way.
1. Autism Looks Different in Every Person
One of the biggest reasons autism is misunderstood is because no two autistic individuals are exactly alike.
The saying, “If you’ve met one person with autism, you’ve met one person with autism,” perfectly captures this idea. Some people are nonverbal; others are highly verbal. Some need substantial daily support; others live independently. Some may avoid eye contact; others may seek it out but struggle with deeper social cues.
This diversity can make it hard for outsiders to grasp what autism looks like—because it doesn’t look just one way.
2. Autism Is Often Invisible
Autism is often described as an “invisible disability.” There are no physical features that define autism, and many autistic individuals can “mask” or hide their traits to fit in socially—especially in public or structured environments like school or work.
As a result, people may question the validity of the diagnosis or assume the person is simply shy, quirky, rude, or disobedient.
Comments like:
- “They’re just being dramatic.”
- “He doesn’t look autistic.”
- “She seems fine to me.”
—can invalidate an autistic person’s experiences and make it harder for families to get the support they need.
3. Misconceptions and Stereotypes Are Common
Movies, TV shows, and social media have created powerful but often misleading images of what autism is. These media portrayals tend to fall into extremes:
- The “brilliant genius” (e.g., characters with savant abilities)
- The “silent child” who can’t speak or engage
- The “emotionless loner” who lacks empathy
While these traits might be true for some, they don’t represent the full spectrum of autistic experiences.
Real people with autism can be joyful, loving, funny, creative, social, and empathetic—though they may express those qualities differently than neurotypical individuals.
4. Social Differences Are Misinterpreted
Much of how we connect with others is based on nonverbal cues, like facial expressions, body language, and tone of voice. For someone with autism, interpreting or displaying these cues can be difficult.
This can lead to misunderstandings, such as:
- A child not responding to their name may be seen as ignoring adults
- A teen avoiding eye contact may be viewed as disrespectful
- A person speaking bluntly may be perceived as rude
In reality, these behaviors stem from neurological differences, not intentional defiance or a lack of manners.
5. Sensory Challenges Are Hard to See
Many autistic individuals experience sensory processing difficulties, which means their brains may overreact or underreact to certain stimuli.
Bright lights, loud noises, crowded spaces, itchy clothing, or even certain smells can be overwhelming—leading to meltdowns or shutdowns.
Because these reactions are internal and vary from person to person, others might misjudge them as bad behavior, attention-seeking, or overreaction.
Understanding sensory sensitivities is key to recognizing the challenges some autistic people face in everyday environments.
6. Masking and Camouflaging
Some individuals with autism, particularly girls and women, become experts at “masking” or camouflaging their autistic traits. This means they mimic neurotypical behavior to avoid judgment, bullying, or social rejection.
They may:
- Force themselves to make eye contact
- Rehearse conversations ahead of time
- Hide stimming behaviors (like hand-flapping or rocking)
- Suppress emotions or melt down later in private
This can make their autism less visible—but also leads to mental exhaustion, anxiety, and burnout.
Because they appear to be “coping,” others may dismiss their challenges or delay diagnosis, especially during childhood.
7. Late or Missed Diagnoses
Many autistic individuals—especially women, people of color, and those with average or high intelligence—are diagnosed later in life or not at all. Their traits may be misattributed to anxiety, depression, ADHD, or even personality quirks.
When someone receives a diagnosis as a teen or adult, others may respond with doubt or disbelief:
- “Why didn’t anyone notice before?”
- “You seem too normal to be autistic.”
These attitudes can create shame or self-doubt and prevent people from seeking support and accommodations they rightfully deserve.
8. Autism Awareness ≠ Autism Understanding
Although autism awareness has improved over the years, true understanding is still lacking.
Awareness means knowing autism exists. Understanding means:
- Knowing how it impacts daily life
- Valuing neurodiversity
- Recognizing strengths as well as challenges
- Supporting individuals rather than judging them
Autistic individuals don’t need to be “fixed” or made to conform—they need acceptance, support, and the freedom to be themselves.
9. Cultural Beliefs and Stigma
In some communities, autism may still be viewed through the lens of shame, fear, or misinformation. Parents may be discouraged from seeking a diagnosis, or children may be labeled as “naughty,” “possessed,” or “mentally ill.”
Language barriers, access to services, and mistrust of medical systems can also play a role in delayed diagnoses or treatment.
Education and cultural sensitivity are essential in breaking down stigma and ensuring all families get the help they need.
10. A Lack of Education and Training
Unfortunately, many teachers, healthcare providers, and even therapists receive limited training in autism—especially when it comes to recognizing diverse presentations.
Without proper education, they may:
- Miss signs in girls or minority populations
- Misinterpret behavior as defiance or laziness
- Use ineffective discipline strategies
Investing in widespread autism education—starting in schools and extending to workplaces, clinics, and communities—is crucial to changing the narrative.
What Can We Do to Improve Autism Understanding?
We can all play a part in creating a more inclusive world for autistic individuals. Here’s how:
1. Listen to Autistic Voices
Follow autistic advocates, authors, and content creators. Learn from their lived experiences rather than relying solely on medical definitions.
2. Ditch the Stereotypes
Challenge assumptions. Just because someone doesn’t look autistic doesn’t mean they aren’t.
3. Use Identity-Respecting Language
Ask individuals whether they prefer “autistic person” or “person with autism.” Respect their choice.
4. Practice Empathy
If someone is struggling, don’t judge—offer support. Ask what they need. Be patient.
5. Educate Others
Share what you learn with friends, family, coworkers, and your community. Understanding grows through honest conversation.
Final Thoughts
Autism is not a one-size-fits-all diagnosis. It’s a spectrum of experiences, challenges, and strengths. People may struggle to understand autism because it defies expectations, it’s not always visible, and it often clashes with social norms. But with empathy, education, and open-mindedness, we can bridge the gap between awareness and true understanding.
At Steady Strides, we’re committed to supporting families and individuals with autism through personalized ABA therapy and compassionate care. We believe in empowering each person to reach their full potential—because understanding autism starts with seeing and supporting the individual behind the label.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why do people still believe stereotypes about autism?
Stereotypes persist because of outdated media portrayals and a lack of education. Many people rely on limited or extreme examples of autism, which don’t represent the full spectrum.
How can I explain autism to someone who doesn’t understand?
Use simple language. Say that autism affects how someone communicates, processes information, and experiences the world. Emphasize that every autistic person is unique.
Is it common for autism to go undiagnosed until adulthood?
Yes. Many people, especially women and those with milder traits, receive a diagnosis later in life due to masking, lack of awareness, or being misdiagnosed with other conditions.
Sources:
- https://www.autism.org.uk/advice-and-guidance/topics/behaviour/masking
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36802826/
- https://www.autismspeaks.org/sensory-processing-disorder
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8992913/
